现在分词
现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing 构成。现在分词有一般式和完成式,及物动词的现在分词有主动语态和被动语态。现在分词在句中可以作定语,表语,宾语补足语或状语。1,作定语
作定语的现在分词如果是单词,一般放在被修饰词的前面,如果是现在分词短语,则放在别修饰词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。
coming week 下周 running water 自来水
sleeping child 酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飞鱼
working people 劳动人民 walking tractor 手扶拖拉机
The girl standing there(=who is standing there) is my sister.站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹
Did you see the girl dancing (=who was dancing) with your brother? 你看到了和你弟弟跳舞的那个姑娘吗?
2,作表语
现在分词作表语时,多表示主语所具有的特征。一般跟在系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear 等后面。
The story sounds interesting.那故事听起来很有趣。
The news was disappointing.那消息令人失望。
现在分词作表语,常见的有:exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, missing , surprising, confusing, amusing , charming, astonishing, shocking, inviting. 这些现在分词几乎已经变成形容词,常可用very修饰。
The news is very interesting .这消息很有趣。
3,作宾语补足语
现在分词常可用在see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have,.
等后面作宾语补足语。
They kept me waiting for a long time. 他们让我等了很久。
He saw people coming and going. 他看见人们来来往往。
We heard him singing in his room. 我们听见他在房间里歌唱。
4,作状语
现在分词短语可作状语,表示原因,时间,方式,伴随情况,结果或条件。
(1) 相当于原因状语从句
Being ill(=As she was ill), she didn’t go to school today. 生病了,她没去学校。
Seeing nobody at home, I decided to come again.看见没人在家,我决定再来一趟。
(2) 相当于when 等引起的从句
Hearing the good news (=when he heard the good news), he jumped with joy.听见这个好消息,他高兴地跳起来。
Walking in the street (=while I was walking in the street ), I saw a friend of mine.走在街上时,我遇见了我的一个朋友。
(3). 表示行为方式,伴随状况或补充说明等。
He sat at the table reading China Daily. 他坐在桌边看中国日报。
Laughing and talking , they went into the room. 他们又说又笑地走进房间。
(4)表示结果
Her mother died in 1963, leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters. 她妈妈1963年的时候死了,抛下她和四个弟妹。
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那小孩摔了一跤,头被门碰破了。
(5)表示条件
Weather permitting (= if weather permits), we’ll go there on foot. 如果天气允许,我们就步行到那里。
Judging by his accent, he must be from America. 听他的口音,他一定是美国人。
现在分词与过去分词的区别:
一, 现在分词与过去分词在语态和时间上的区别
1, 语态上的不同
现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词表示被动的意思. 比较下列例子:
the exploiting classes 剥削阶级
the exploited classes 被剥削阶级
The news is exciting .这消息很激动人心
We were excited to hear it.听了这事,我们很激动.
2.时间上的不同
一般来说,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成.
the changing world 正在变化着的世界
the changed world 已经起了变化的世界
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 已经煮开的水(可能是凉开水)
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
the rising sun ‘正在升起的太阳
the risen sun 升起了的太阳
二,现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别
现在分词与句子中的宾语是主动关系, 它所表示的动作往往正在进行. 过去分词与句子中的宾语是被动关系, 它所表示的动作往往是已经完成.
I found them painting the windows. 我发现他们正在漆窗户.
I found the windows painted.我发现窗户已上漆.
三,现在分词与过去分作定语的区别
一般来说,现在分词修饰事物, 常与非人称主语连用, 而过去分词修饰人,常与人称主语连用. 常见的分词有: amazed\ amazing , excited\ exciting, bored /boring .,interesting/ interested,
Surprised/surprising, worried\ worried 等.
I am interested in the book.. It is very interesting.我对这本书感兴趣.因为它很有趣.