介词
介词是一种虚词,一般不重读,在句中不单独作任何句子成份,一般放在名词或名词性短语之前构成介词短语。有些介词(如:in, up, down等)可作副词;有些介词(如as, but )也是连词。在使用介词时,一定要掌握介词与其他词类的固定搭配。
1.一些介词的基本用法
1)in, on, at
A. in
. a) 表示位置,"在……里(中)"
in the pencil-box在铅笔盒里,in the room在房间里
b) 表示一段时间,"在某年、某月、某季节"、"在上午(下午、傍晚)" in March在三月,in spring在春季,in the morning在早上(上午)
c) 表示表达方式,"用某种语言"
in English用英语,in Chinese用汉语
d) 表示序列,"在某班、年级、排"。如:
in Class Two在二班, in Class One, Grade Six在六年一班
e) 表示服饰,"穿(戴)"。如:
a girl in red穿红衣服的女孩
f) 表示"在家"。如:
-Is your father in? 你父亲在家吗?
-Yes, he is. 是的,他在家。
B. on
a) 表示位置,"在……上面"(与物体表面接触)
on the desk在课桌上, on the wall在墙上
b) 表示时间
on Sunday, on Mar. 4th, 2006
on Monday morning在星期一早上(上午)
c) 关于
a lecture on culture differences, a book on tree planting
固定用法: on the bus/ train ,ride on a horse(但 in a carriage,in a cab), on foot, on a farm, on the basis of…, on purpose(故意), depend on(依靠), joke on sb(开sb的玩笑), on sale(大削价), on duty, on the contrary,etc.
C. at
a) 表示具体的地点
at the hotel, at school,at home, at the door
b) 表示具体的时刻,"在几点几分"
at six o?蒺clock在六点钟,at eight fifteen在八点十五分(在八点一刻)
c) at还可表示在节日或休假时间
at Christmas在圣诞节,at the weekend在周末
另外,at常用于固定短语中。如:at night在夜间,at noon 在正午。
2) above, below, over, under
above表示在另一物以上, below表示在另一物以下
over 表示在…的(正)上方under 表示在…的(正)下方
1) beside, besides, except, except for, except that, but
A. beside 在…的旁边 ;besides 除…以外
B. besides 的宾语包括在所论及的事物;except.的宾语不包括在所论及的事物.
Besides Jone , all of us passed the exam.( Jone 也及格了)
All of us passed the exam except Jone. (Jone不及格)
C. except, except for的宾语都不包括在所论及的事物之内,但except用于同一类事物的比较,except for 用于不同类事物的比较。
You can all go except Tom.
We had a very good time except for the weather.
D. except that 表示“只是…”, 后接从句。
I would willingly go except that it is too far.
E. but 作介词时,常用于all, no, noboday, who, where 等词后面表示除了..(不包括所论及的事物);but 不放在句首。
There is no one here but me.
Who but Tom would have done such a thing?
All but/ except the captain were rescued.
4) Because, because of, due to, owing to, as a result of, for
A. because of 是介词,后接名词或名词性短语;because后接句子.
I came back not because of the rain but I am tired.
B. due to用作表语或状语,owing to 用作状语。
His absence was due to the storm.
He arrived late owing to / due to the storm.
C.as a result of = because of 但较because of正式。
He was late as a result of rain.
注意:as a result 是状语,后面表示的是结果。
As a result, the city disappeared.
As a result of the earthquake, Port Royal disappeared.
2. 有些单词必须与特定的介词一起使用,比如动词consist必须与of一起使用(意思是由...组成),名词accordance必须与with一起使用(意思是与...一致),形容词good必须与at一起使用(意思是擅长...)。这是英语的惯用表达方式,早已经约定俗成了,我们只要记住就行。