情态动词
1. 用法说明与练习见《大学英语语法和词汇练习手册》p53-65
2. 情态动词的相关句型:
(1)情态动词+have done
1) ought to/ should have done 表示本来应该做但没有做的事。例:
Look what you have done! You should have been more careful.
She was so disappointed; I ought not to have told her the truth.
2) need have done 表示需要做的事但没有做。例
She was more careful than she need have been.
3) must / can/could/ may/ might/ + have done 表示对过去的猜测。例:
My bag is nowhere to be found. I must have dropped it when was on the bus.
They might/ may have finished the project last month.
◆ 注意
must +原形动词或进行时表示对现在事情的推测。例:
The line is busy; someone must be using the telephone.
(2) may well, may/ might as well
may well +动词原形意为“理应”(have good reason); might as well +动词原形意为“还不如,还是…好了”。 例:
There is nothing to do, so I might as well go to bed.
Their daughter won a gold medal in the race. They may well be proud of her.
(3) can not /never …. too 再…也不过分
You can not be too careful when you fill the application form.
A man can never have too many ties.
【考点一』情态动词表示推测的用法。
『考点二』情态动词+ have done 的用法
『考点三』情态动词的基本用法
十.动词的时态和语态
用法说明与练习见《大学英语语法和词汇练习手册》p3-53
【考点一』现在完成(进行)时与过去完成(进行)时的用法比较。
『考点二』时态一致
『考点三』移动性动词(come ,go, stop, arrive, leave, start, stay, etc.)的现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事,过去进行时表示过去计划要做的时。
『考点四』以主动语态表示被动意义的词( read, smell, taste, wash, write, etc,)和后接动名词表示被动意义的词( want, need, require, deserve, etc.)。
『考点五』短语动词的被动语态。
十一.虚拟语气
1.用法说明与练习见《大学英语语法和词汇练习手册》p103-107
2.虚拟语气是各类考试中必考的语法,在三级考试中主要出现以下几种情况:
1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中as if…
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中as if…
2) would rather+that从句+一般过去时
3) It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/advisable/natural/essential+that+(should )+动词原形;
4) 表示愿望.建议.命令.意志.惊讶等语气相应的动词(如ask要求,advise建议, arrange安排,beg请求,command命令,decide决定,demand要求,urge迫切要求,强调,促进,require 需要,request要求,pray请求,desire渴望,determine决定,insist坚持,intend打算,maintain坚持主张,move建议,动员 propose提议,suggest建议,object反对,order命令 ,prefer建议, recommend推荐,vote公认,提议, etc..) 后从句用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,should可以省略。
5) It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时:
6) proposal/suggestion+that+(should) 动词原形;
7) 由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形;
【考点一』“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构。
记住表示愿望、建议、命令、意志、惊讶等语气相应的动词、名词、形容词后的从句要用这个结构。并注意should 的省略。
『考点二』记清各类从句虚拟语气要求的不同形式:
在would rather 后
在wish 后的that 从句中
在if only 引导的感叹句中
在it is (high, about) time 后的that 从句中
『考点三』记住倒装虚拟语气结构。
凡句首出现had, should 或were 时,首先考虑是否是虚拟语气结构if 的省略,然后判断各自谓语动词的时态。
『考点四』正确判断含蓄条件句。
熟记并迅速找到题干中含蓄条件句的信息词,如but for, without, otherwise, in case of, but that, etc。利用题中表示时间的信息词确定含蓄动作发生的时间,由此确定虚拟语气的动词形式。