. 一致关系
英语句子中,主语的人称和数要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化,这就叫“主谓一致”关系。英语主谓一致大致要遵循以下三条原则:1)语法一致原则。主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式;2)意义一致原则。主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定,而是由主语所表达的意义决定;3)就近原则。谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语。由either....or, neither....nor, not only....but also连接或由here, there等引导的句子,谓语动词遵循这一原则。解题时,首先确定主语,然后根据这三条原则判断谓语动词的数,最后利用时态标志词和动词性质来确定动词的时态和语态。
【语法一致原则】
I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。
e.g. I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好音乐。
II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)”或“从句”等作主语,用单数谓语形式。
The work is important . 这项工作重要。
To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
How and why he left was a sad story .
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)”或“从句”等作主语,用单数谓语形式。
The work is important . 这项工作重要。
To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
How and why he left was a sad story .
他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。
2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。
The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料。
They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。
III. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语:
1.通常作复数用。
Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人(事、物、抽象概念),作单数用。
2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。
The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料。
They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。
III. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语:
1.通常作复数用。
Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人(事、物、抽象概念),作单数用。
The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。
A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。
3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many a ,no”等修饰时,仍作单数用。
Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.
A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。
3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many a ,no”等修饰时,仍作单数用。
Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.
这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平 等权益。
No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity.
No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity.
没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。
Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表示“数、量”等的修饰语时:
1. “many a + 单数名词 ”接单数谓语, “a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。.
Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。
A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议。
2. "a / an +单数名词+ or two " 大多接单数谓语, "one or two + 复名"接复数谓语。
Only a word or two is needed. 只需说一两句。
One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一两条理由。
3. "a / an +单数名词+ and a half"常接单数谓语;“one and a half +复数名词”多接复数谓语。.
A year and a half has passed. 一年半已过去了。
One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米。
1. “many a + 单数名词 ”接单数谓语, “a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。.
Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。
A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议。
2. "a / an +单数名词+ or two " 大多接单数谓语, "one or two + 复名"接复数谓语。
Only a word or two is needed. 只需说一两句。
One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一两条理由。
3. "a / an +单数名词+ and a half"常接单数谓语;“one and a half +复数名词”多接复数谓语。.
A year and a half has passed. 一年半已过去了。
One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米。