167. render vt. 使得，致使
167. render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊！
1. render sth(for sth) ；render sth (to sb) give sth in return, or exchange, or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换；回报；归还
render homage, obedience, allegiance,  etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等：
a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金
render good for evil 以德报怨
render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱
render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务
render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助
render thanks to God 感谢上帝
2. present or send in (an account)for payment 递交或开出（帐单）：
account rendered $50 开出50美元的帐单
3. cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使（某人[某事物]）处于某种状况：
rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策
Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。
4. [esp passive 尤用于被动语态] give a performance of (music, a play, a character. etc);give a portrayal of (sb/sth)in painting, etc.演奏（音乐）；演出（戏剧）；扮演（角色）；以绘画等表现（某人[某物]）：
The piano solo was well rendered. 那支钢琴独奏曲弹得真好。
'Othello' was rendered rather poorly. 《奥赛罗》这出戏演得不好。
The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly. 该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖。
5. render sth (into sth): express sth in another language; translate sth. 翻译某事物：
How would you render 'bon voyage' (into English)? 'bon voyage'怎么翻译（成英语）？
Rendering poetry into other language is difficult. 翻译诗歌是很困难的。
6. cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在（石或砖）上抹灰泥打底：
render walls 在墙上抹底灰
7. （习语）render an account of oneself, one's behaviour, etc: explain or justify what one has said, done, etc. 为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.
8. render sth down： make (eg fat, lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将（脂肪、猪油等）熬成油；熔化某物。render sth up：hand over or surrender sth; yield sth. 移交或交出某物；放弃某事物：
render up a fort, town, etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、城市等被敌人占领
(fig比喻) He rendered up his soul to God, he died. 他魂归天国了