学习重点:Contractions of ‘be’ and ‘have’ be和have的缩略式
Contractions of ‘will’ and ‘would’ will和缩略形式
Contractions of ‘not’
be和have经常缩写,特别是在口语和非正式书面语里。
I’m going mad.
You’ve got pheumonia.
请看一下下表里 be和哈have的缩略形式。
现
在
时 |
|
be |
have | ||
I |
am |
'm |
have |
've | |
you
we
they |
are |
're | |||
He/she/it |
is |
's |
has |
's | |
过
去
时 |
I |
was |
|
had |
'd |
You
We
they |
was |
| |||
He/she/it |
was |
| |||
现在分词 |
being |
|
having |
| |
过去分词 |
being |
|
had |
|
be的缩略形式
●'re和'm一般只能在主语是人称代词的时候用。
I’m ready.我准备好了。
You’re looking good. 你看起来很好。
They ‘re going to be late. 他们要迟到了。
当主语不是人称代词时,'re一般不缩写。
Peter and Jane are going to be late. 彼特和简要迟到了。
Your pictures are wonderful.你的照片好极了。
主语是人称代词之外的词时,也可以用‘s’
He’s here. 他在这儿。
You taxi’s here. 你的出租车在这儿。
●be的这种缩略可以用在否定句里。
Ann’s not rich.
●be的这种缩略不能用在句末。例如:
Ann’s not rich ,but Peter is. 安不是有钱人,但彼特是。
句末的is就不缩写。
Ann’s not rich ,but peter’s.(x)
●be的缩写不和主语缩写,而像isn’t ,aren’t 一样和not缩写在一直(参考前一页), 则可以用在句末。
Ann’s rich ,but Peter isn’t.
have 的缩略形式
●have只有当助动词用时,才可以缩写。
I have got a car. "I ‘ve got a car.
I have been looking for you. "I’ve been looking for you. "
在I have breajfastat eught.等里,have 是实义动词,而不是助动词,所以不缩写。
I ‘ve breakfast at eight(x).
●hasn’t 等和not 缩写在一直的形式(参照右栏)可以用在句末。
Ann’s got a car, but Peter hasn’t.
●上文里除了可以用hasn’t 之外,还可以用‘s not.
Ann’s got a car, but Peter’s not.(▲)
●has和主语的缩写不能用在句末。
例如:Ann hasn’t got a car, but peter has.句末的has 不能缩写。
Ann hasn’t got a car,but peter’s.(x)