OMISSION & SUBSTITUTION: INTRODUCTION  省略和替换

乍一看，“省略和替换”，　让人觉得比较抽象、不实用，但事实正好相反。

“省略（omission）”和“替换（subsitution）”是英语的特征，在日常会话里经常用到，语法上称之为ellipsis.

主要指的是：

●助动词后内容的省略

●不定式及to后面内容的省略

●用助动词do (does,did)来代替一般动词

 

OMISSION AFTERAUXILIARY VERBS  省略助动词后面的内容

看一下下面的例子：

Wendy passed the exam, but david didn’t pass the exam.

Mary was listening, but Andrew wasn’t listening. My boss won’t be at the meeting , but I will be at the meeting.

I tried to lift it but I couldn’t lift it.

I can help them, but I don’t see why I should help them.

上述句子中的第二个分句都在重复第一个分句的内容，但是，英语里，常常把第二个分句里助动词后面的内容省略掉。例如：上面的一个例子可以如下所示：

Wendy passed the exam, but david didn’t.

Mary was listening, but Andrew wasn’t.

My boss won’t be at the meeting, but I will.

I tried to lift it, but I couldn’t.

I can help them, but I don’t see why I should.

 

PSUBSTITUTION  替换

避免重复的另一个方法就是用助动词do,does,did来替换重复的动词或句子。

例如下面这些句子：

They go to church every Sunday, and I go to church every Sunday, too.他们每周日都去教堂，我也是。

Mary likes parties, and Andrew likes parties, too.玛丽喜欢参加晚会，安德鲁也喜欢　。

John saw him, and Alex saw him as well.约翰看见他了，亚历克斯也见到了他。

下面的说法更自然：

They go to church every Sunday, and I do, too.

Mary likes parties, and Andrew does, too.

John saw him, and Alex did as well.

肯定句里可以用so来代替too或as well, 不过语序发生了变化：

They go go church every Sunday, and so do I.

Mary likes parties, and so does Andrew.

John asw him, and so did Alex.

否定句里可以neither, 这里也要注意一下语序：

We never go to church ,and neither do they.　我们从来不去教堂，他们也不去。

Jane doesn’t like parties, and neither does Tom.简不喜欢晚会，汤姆也不喜欢。

Harry didn’t see her, and neither did I.

哈利没有见到他，我也没有。