一. 换序译法
英语和汉语是两种截然不同的语言, 所以它们的句子的顺序有很大的不同。在翻译过程中, 我们时常需要改变原文词语的前后顺序。要牢记一点, 决不能词对词机械地死译。所谓换序译法, 就是根据译文的语言习惯, 对原文的词序进行调整, 使译文做到最大程度的通顺。
1.) About 1840, a canal was constructed across the meadows of the Marsh Farm.
大约在1840年, 横穿Marsh农场修建了一条新的运河。(地点状语提前)
2.) It is good that you are so considerate.
你想得如此周到, 真是太好了。(主语从句提前)
3.) From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received.
从他们踏上祖国土地的那刻起, 他们就受到热烈的欢迎。 (定语从句提前)
4) Send us any message in case you have any difficulties.
万一有什么困难, 就给我们来个信。 (状语从句提前)
5) 一直在观看的学生开始鼓起掌来。
The students who had been watching began to clap their hands。 (定语从句置后)
6) 他每天早上教我们法语。
He teaches us French every morning. (时间状语置后)
7) 会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。
The meeting ended in disagreement. (状语置后)
以上例子表明, 调整语序是一种极为常用的技巧。 在翻译过程中, 千万不能一
词一个词按照原来的顺序地翻译下来。大家还有必要去了解两种语言句子的
基本顺序。
强化练习 8( 注意黑体部份顺序的变化)
1. 发生这样的事不是你的错。
2. 他将永远记住家乡解放的那一天。
3. 另人惊讶的是他竟然放弃升职加薪的机会。
4. Some sports stars have become more widely recognized than any national leader other than president.
5. It is not unusual to see a basketball game in which all the players on the floor are black.
6. This is a pleasant thought for those who come here to travel or to work.
二. 断句译法
在英语和汉语中, 常会碰到一些又长又复杂的句子, 一些同学碰到这种句子, 就发怵, 不知从何下手。 为了避免过于复杂, 这时, 可以采取断句法, 将复杂句子分为多个小分句, 然后进行翻译。 在这一过程中, 要理清分句之间的逻辑关系, 并且要确定每个小分句的主语和谓语。试看下面的例子
1. The shark swung over// and the old man saw his eye was not alive //and then he swung over once again,// wrapping himself in tow loops of the rope.
鲨鱼翻了过来,老人看见它的眼珠已经没有生气了,但是它又翻滚了一下,滚得自己给绳子缠了两圈。
2. It is very easy ((to bring some book from the bookstores and libraries)), //but(( to learn the knowledge in the books)) and ((put the knowledge into practice)) is by no means an easy job.
从书店和图书馆带一些书回来是轻而易举的,但是从书中学得知识并把这些知识运用到实践中去就决不是那么简单的事了。
3. It is certain //that human beings will conquer the space.
人类必将征服宇宙,这一点是肯定的。