三． 转句译法
英语和中文的某些作定语或状语的词组表达着丰富的内容。要把这些成分翻译出来而不改变其原来的作用，这很难做到。在这个时候，我们不妨把这些成分翻译成一个句子，这就是转句译法。例：
1. Nixon was greatly impressed by Stassen’s firm handshake.
Staseen紧紧握住他的手，给Nixon留下了深刻的印象。
2. I tried vainly to put the pieces together.
我试图把这些碎片拼起来，但是我没有成功。
3. They , not surprisingly, did not respond.
他们没有做出任何反应，这并不令人奇怪。
4. 从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。
There are men from all over the country. Many of them are from the South.
5. 1971年4月2日清晨，飞机驾驶员们准备发动第二轮攻击。
It was on the morning of April 2, 1971. The pilots were ready to launch the second round of attack.
强化练习 10
1．The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements .
2. A teacher , finding such mistakes in a student’s homework, would be justly angry.
3. Easy and pleasant as their life at Paris was, it was after all temporary.
4. 1844年恩格斯与马克斯相遇并成了朋友。
5． 这条河从这里流经伦敦入海
四．被动句子的翻译
在英语中，作者会大量地运用被动语态的句子，尤其是在科技文体的文章中。相比较之下，中文中被动语态句子运用的就没有那么广。因此，这一部分主要针对英语被动句子的翻译。在英语中的被动的表示形式就是be+ 过去分词。在中文中，表示被动的短语有“被…”、“给…”、“（遭）受…”“由…”、“使…”、“把…”、“为…所”。一般来说，被动的句子主要有下面这些翻译方法。
1．将原文中主语和宾语互换
By the end of the war 6000 people had been saved by this organization.
到战争结束时，这一组织已经挽救了6000人的生命。
Mr. Smith could not be prevented from carrying out his plan by anyone.
没有人能阻止Mr. Smith实施他的计划。
2．翻译成“是……的”
He was educated at a private school.
他是在一所私立学校接受教育的。
The decision to attack was not made lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。
3． 固定句型的翻译
It is hoped that 希望……
It is reported that 据报道……
It is said 据说……
It is supposed 据推测……
It must be admitted 必须承认……
It must be pointed out 必须指出……
It will be seen from this that 由此可见……
It is believed 有人认为……
It is generally accepted 人们普遍认为……
It is well-known that 众所周知……
It is generally considered人们普遍认为……
4. 翻译成“得到……”、“受到……”
Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.
我们的外交政策得到了全世界人民的支持。
They were given a hearty welcome.
他们受到了热烈的欢迎。
He was criticized severely by his boss.
他受到老板严厉的批评。
这里介绍的是几种最常用的几种方法。同学门要注意英语和中文中表示被动的形式，注意主被动态之间的相互转换。
强化练习 11
1. She was blamed for everything her sister did. (“受到……”)
2. Last year the area was visited by the worst earthquake in 60 years.( “遭受……“)
3. He was regarded as a Republican by everybody, even though he had always thought of himself as “Independent”. （“被……”）
4. Robert was dismissed by the boss of the factory. （“被……”）
5. Running water has long been used to turn the wheels of industry. （“被……”）
6. My first year was spent in Canada. （“是……的”）
7. Eventually, the plan was abandoned. （主被动转换，增补主语）
8. The workers were seen repairing the machine. （主被动转换，增补主语）
9. I am afraid that I shall be laughed at. （主被动转换，增补主语）
10. Most of questions have been settled satisfactorily. (直接翻译成一个主动句)
11. The sense of inferiority has never been totally eradicated. (. (直接翻译成一个主动句)
12. The crew were trained at a special field. (“是……的”)
13. It was generally accepted that the Sun turned around the Earth. (固定句型的)
14. It must be pointed out that the disease was fatal. (固定句型的)
15. It is believed that the nature can clean itself. (固定句型的)
