定语从句的翻译方法
英语中，作者会使用大量的定语从句来修饰名词。定语从句放在名词的后面。 在中文中作者也会用一个“……的”部分修饰一个名词，放在句子的前面。 如果这一部分比较复杂的话，我们就要考虑是不是应该用到定语从句了。在英译中，定语从句的翻译主要有前置法和后置法。前置法主要是把定语从句翻译成一个“……的”短语。后置法主要是把定语从句单独翻译成一个小分句，要注意的是，在这种情况下，先行词的意思需要重复还是省略需要思考一下。 在中译英时，要理清定语从句的先行词是什么，该用哪一个 关系词。请看下面的例子：
1.The people who worked for him live in fear of him.
在他手下工作的人都很怕他。（前置）
2. We will carry on the cause for which he had struggled for all his life.
我们将继续他为之终生奋斗的事业。（前置）
3. The lazy boy scored the highest in the exam, which astonished his teachers.
那个懒惰的男孩在考试中得分最高，这使老师们极为惊讶。（后置）
4. They are striving for the ideal for which many Chinese people have laid down their lives.
他们正在为这一理想奋斗，很多中国人已经为这一理想奉献出他们的生命。（后置）
5. 总会有人们过上幸福生活的一天的。
There will be a day when people live a happy life.
6．他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢喜怒无常的哥哥。
He liked his sister， who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother,who was changeable.
强化练习12.
1. This is the solider who just returned from the front.
2. Oxygen is a gas which unites with many substances.
3. He did not get along well with those people who made diplomacy their profession.
4. I knew that John would tell his mother, who would probably tell Mary.
5. He put forward the idea to the general, who liked it very much and order a secret study
made to see it could be done.
6. 正在Harvard大学读书的他梦想有一天能成为科学家。
7. 他给了我一只钢 笔，我把它一直保留到今天。
8. 正在飞速发展的因特网将世界变成了一个小村庄。
Keys to Translation Exercises:
强化练习 1
1.Chinese economy is developing
2. His face turned red.
3.They have adopted our plan.
4. His suggestion proved to be impractical.
5. He teaches us physics.
6. Terrorists had forced the Spain army to leave Iraq.
7. His dream came true.
8. I lent him a large sum of money.
9. My failure made my parent very disappointed.
10. The plane took off three hours ago.
强化练习 2
1. The police began to look into the case.
The police did not begin to look into the case until yesterday afternoon.
2. I would appreciate it very much.
I would appreciate it very much if you consider my application.
3. You should concentrate your attention.
You should concentrate you attention on your study.
4. This doctor is the president of this hospital.
The doctor who is operating is the president of this hospital.
5. I intend to seek a job in Shanghai.
I intend to seek a job in Shanghai to make some money for next term.
6. I am confident enough to finish the task.
No matter how difficult the task is, I am confident enough to finish it.
7．What you are talking about is only of the problems.
What you are talking is one of the problems the company is facing at present.
8．It took him several weeks.
It took him several weeks to get used to the new working environment.
9. This car is always bringing me troubles.
This car which I bought 6 months ago is always bringing me troubles.
10. Going to school is not the only way.
Going to school is not he only way to obtain knowledge.
强化练习 3
1. 我上班、养家和交朋友已占据我所有的时间。
2. 他的靴子不时的闪闪发亮。
3. 每到一地，入侵部队就抢劫财物，强奸妇女。
4. If I had known he was ill, I would not have asked him to come.
5. He likes to point out others’ mistakes, but he means well.
6. A serious earthquake took place in Tangshan on July 28th, 1976.
7.
强化练习 4
1. (如果)你不去， 他们回生气的。
2．1939年9月，第二次世界大战爆发了。
3． 那个不诚实的男孩根本没有病。他生龙活虎，在游泳池里玩呢。我们全都看到了。
4． The Prime Minister had much work to do before the concert.
5． The backwardness of Chinese football must be changed.
6． We must avoid mistakes in our work.
强化练习 5
1. 我建议他立刻戒烟。
2．我非常感激父亲，因为他在我的童年时代不断地鼓励我。
3． 山区里数以百万计的人最后摆脱了贫困。
4. He is the murderer of his boss.
5. He wrote down his name on the wall with his hand.
6. His sister is a liar.
强化练习 6
1.我讨厌这样匆匆忙忙。
2．这房间很舒适。
3． 他是一个很有学识的人。
4．尝试一下是完全正确的。
5．We must concentrate our attention on developing economy.
6. He offerred himself to manage this enterprise.
强化练习 7
1. 他的解释远不让人满意。
2．我未能使他相信自己的错误。
3． 两只队伍未分胜负。
4． 如果我们没命, 你们也没命。
5．他不慌不忙地从信封中抽出信读了起来。
6．如果你不更努力，你会考试不及格的。
强化练习 8:
1.It is not you fault that such things happened.
2. He will always remember the day when his hometown was liberated.
3. It is surprising that he should give up the opportunity to get a promotion and salary increase.
4. 一些体育明星甚至比除了总统以外的国家领导人更有知名度。
5．要是看到选手全不是黑人的篮球比赛，那可是非同寻常的。
6．对于那些来这儿旅游或工作的人来说，这是一个让人高兴的想法。
强化练习 9:
1.战争后，他的朋友Kramer给他谋了份工作，在军校里当教官，年薪为一万美圆
2．因为这个年轻人常来这为太太的家， 所以他被认为是女主任的情人。
3．在该市举办过音乐会之后， 他说要像往常那样，去同歌谜打招呼。
强化练习 10:
1. 中国人民似乎为自己的经济发展感到自豪， 这是完全有理由的。
2．老师在学生作业中发现这样的错误感到生气，这是完全合理的。
3．虽然说他们在巴黎的生活悠闲自在， 但它只是短暂的。
4．In 1844 Engles met Marx and they became friends.
5. From here this river runs down to London and there it enters the sea.
强化练习 11:
1. 她因为妹妹所做的一切而受到责备。
2. 去年该地区遭受了60年以来最大的地震。
3. 他被大家认为是共和党人，虽然他一直把自己看作是独立人士。
4. Robert被工厂老板开除了。
5. 流水很久以来就被用来给工业提供动力。
6. 我的第一年是在加拿大度过的。
7. 最后，人们放弃了这个计划。
8. 人们看到工人在修那台机器。
9. 我怕人们会笑话我。
10. 多数问题已经得到了满意的解决。
11. 自卑感从来没有完全消除。
12. 机组人员是在一个特别机场接受训练的。
13. 以前人们普遍认为，太阳绕着地球转。
14. 必须指出，这种疾病是致命的。
15. 人们以为，大自然可以进行自我清洁。
强化练习12:
1. 这就是那位刚从前线归来的士兵。
2．氧气是一种能与多种物质结合的气体。
3．他与那些以外交为业的人相处不来。
4．我知道John会告诉他的母亲， 而他母亲又会告诉Mary.
5. 他向将军提出了这个建议，将军非常喜欢，下令进行秘密研究，看看是否人实施。
6. He, who is studying in Harvard University, dreams that he will become a scientist one day.
7. He gave away a pen to me, which I kept until today.
8. Internet, which is developing rapidly, will change the world into a small village.
