SUBSTITUTION:WVERB+’TO’ 替换：动词+to
助动词和动词后面常接不定式。当不定式后面内容重复时，常将其重复内容省略，只留下to.例如下面这些句子：
I don’t want to go on a diet, but I ought to go on a diet.
He could beat them if he wanted to beat them.
I don’t hav e to help her, I’d like to help her.
He asked me to visit him, and I intend to visit him.这样说更为自然：
I don’t want to go on a diet, but I ought to.
He could beat them if wanted to.
He asked me to visit him, and I intend to.
SUBSTITUTION: VERBS+’SO’ 替换：动词+so
我们学过可以在一些动词后用so来代替重复的内容，这些动词有hope, think, believe等：
Woman Does the party start at eight?
Man I’m not sure, but think so.
Woman Is it a housewarming party?
Man I believe so.
Woman Will there be food at the party?
Man I hope so.
OMISSION &SUBSTITUTION 省略和替换
看一下下面的对话，这里出现了许多我们见过的句型：
Woman James can’t go to the meeting this afternoon, so I think I will, Are you going?
詹姆斯今天大大开会，所以我觉得我得去。你会去吗？
Man No, I’m not, but sally is. 我不去。莎莉会去。
Woman Did you discuss sales at the last meeting?上次会上你们讨论销售了吗？
Man We intended to ,but we didn’t in the end.我们打算讨论，可最终没有讨论。
Woamn because we didn’t have the monthly sales figures.因为我们没有月销售数。
Woman Have you finished this month’s sales report?你们已经完成了月销售报告了吗？
Man I tried to , but I couldn’t. I’ve been so busy.我尽力了，但是没有完成。我太忙了。
Woamn I can help you do it now, if you want me to.如果你愿意，我可以帮你现在做。
Man Oh, would you?That would be a great. 啊，可以吗、那可帮我们大忙了。
USING’DO’ AND ‘DOES’FOR EMPHASIS 使用do和does表示强调
请考虑一下该怎样回答下面这个问题：
Do you like pears?
可以像下面这样完整地回答出来：
Yes, I like pears.
而要强调自己的话时，可以像下面这样用：
Yes, I do like pears.
再看下面的几个例子：
I feel so happy. I do like here.我觉得非常高兴，我确实喜欢这里。
Don’t be too hard on them. They do love you, you know.不要对他们太苛刻，他们确实很爱你。
主语是是第三人称上，要用does:
I do like that red shirt. The colour does suit you.我真的喜欢那件红衬衫，颜色确实适合你。
She does look nice today, doesn’t she?
她今天看起来气色真好，不是吗？
反驳别人说的话，要用表示强调的do.看看下面的对话：
Man It’s a pity that you don’t like Clive .
