韩语里说某人“狼心狗肺”,就等于说他心肠狠毒,忘恩负义;说某人“有狼子野心”就指此人如狼一样,毫无良心。英语离也有类似的用法。例如:
He’s mad that trusts in the tameness of a wolf ,a boy’s love, or a whore’s cath.
He is the primitive, thewild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, the stinging centipede.
It is madness for a sheep to treat of peace with a wolf.
It is a foolish sheep that makes the wolf his confessor.
汉语和英语都有表示“像狼那样贪得无厌”的说法,如:greedy as a wolf狼贪。
Wolf用以指人时,意为a man who is always ready to make sexual advance to a woman. 故英语中有a wolf-whistle这一习语,意为“调情口哨”,意指见到漂亮女性便吹口哨吸引女方注意的男子,这在汉语中“色狼”之说是基本相同的。再如:he has a face like an angel ,but he’s really a terible wolf.他看上去像个天使,其实是只可怕的色狼。
汉语中有“如饿狼扑食”“狼吞虎咽”等说法,形容吃东西像狼一样有猛有急。英语中也有类似的表达法;wolf down(饿狼扑食,狼吞虎咽)
Fox (狐狸)是一种狡猾、诡计多端地动物。在汉英文化中,它皆含有“诡诈、狡猾”的内涵。
He is as sly as a fox. You’ve got to watch him.
When the fox preaches, take care of your geese.
When the fox says he’s vegetarian,it’s time for the hen to look out.
The fox is known by his brush.
A fox may gray, but never good.
A fox is not taken twice in the same snare.
It is an evil sign to see a fox lick a lamb.
It is a silly goose that comes to the fox’s sermon.
“狡猾”与“欺骗”密切相关,英语词语fox就具有“狡猾”之意。如you can never fox me.(你绝对骗不了我)。形容词foxy有“狡猾”之义,he’s foxy即等于he’sas sly as fox.因此,汉语“狐狸”与英语的fox具有共同的“狡猾”、“估计多端”等语义。
Mouse (鼠)不但偷食食物,而且传播疾病,在汉英两种文化中皆含贬义。而比moyse 大一些的rat (耗子)可指卑劣无信的家伙。
A down-at-heel street-rat.
A rat crossing the street is chased by all
Pig (猪)在汉、英语中的形象和喻意基本一致。猪给人的印象是肮脏和丑陋,令人讨厌。其喻意是集“懒”“馋”“贪”和“笨”与一身。在英语中,“pig”以为u贪婪,肮脏或举止粗鲁的人,因此常用一喻指贪婪、懒惰、肮脏的人,例如;
He’d been a pig about money.
英语中有不少含有pig的习语短语,几乎都含有明显的贬义,如make a pig oneself 大吃大喝、狼吞虎咽,pig in clover 行为卑鄙或粗鲁的有钱人,buy a pig in poke 未经过目而买下来的上当货。
与其他动物有关的喻体,喻意相同的列子还有:
When the weasel and the cat make a marrige , it is a very ill presage.
A barking dog never bites.
The camel is the ship of the desert.
As sloe as snail
As strong as an ox
A lion at home ,a mouse abroad
Though the monkey wears silk, it’s still a monkey
Make a monkey out of somebody
As happy as lark
Love me, love my dog
As slow as tortoise
As free as a bird
As brave as alion
As gentle as a lamb
A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk
A good horse should be seldom spurred
One swallow does not make a spring.
在人类进化过程中,英汉名族在生活经历、思想人生上普遍存在着共性,这使地英、汉动物习语在某些方面不谋而合,因此,我们就有了上述十分相似的英汉表达方式。