越来越多的女性选择整容手术作为圣诞礼物
Bath bubbles and scented candles will simply not do. For a certain type of women who own everything –including very generous family and friends-plastic surgery could make the ideal present.
According to the BBC, more and more women are opting for surgical procedures as Christmas presents, with Botox, tummy tucks and breast enhancements topping some Santa`s lists this year.
Tina Franklin, from Orange Country, Calfornia, says that she has put Botox on her wish-list, because she wants to start 2012 feeling “fresh”.
In an interview with BBC News she explained that, after a break-up with a boyfriend, the bridal make-up artist asked her sister for Botox to target her trouble areas around the crow`s feet, between the eyes and on the forehead.
Luckily for Tina, her sister Nicole Tuzzollno is willing to fork out $650 for the cosmetic treatment which temporarily numbs muscle movement and reduces the appearance of wrinkles.
Ms Tuzzolino admits that she thinks her sister is “a little crazy” and doesn`t think she needs it, but is more than happy to oblige with the plumping present.
Ms Franklin is not alone. The news show reports that the area`s local cosmetic surgeons are doing a busy trade at this time of the year, coping with the Holiday season boom in procedures.
Newport Beach and OC women are famous for their love of a little cosmetic help.
“Living in Orange County, the mecca of plastic surgery, you definitely want to do procedures, including Botox, to soften but not freeze” Ms Franklin said.
She is one of those in the famously looks-driven area, made famous by the TV show The OC.
Dr Tenley Lawton, who Ms Franklin has chosen for her Botox, told the network that procedures run from a few hundred dollars for injections to $15,000 for a tummy tuck and breast augmentation known as a “mommy makeover”.
With increased media attention on beauty and perfection, celebrities and those alike are turning to plastic surgery more and more. Some take out loans for this purpose; one woman spent over $83,000 for 14 surgeries.
Though media and advertising to play a large role in influencing many people`s lives, researchers believe that plastic surgery obsession is linked to psychological disorders. Body dysmorphic disorder is seen as playing a large role in the lives of those who are obsessed with going under the knife in order to achieve physical perfection.
与中国相比，整容手术在欧美国家收到的争议相对较小，甚至成为一种可以赠送的礼物。的确，随着现代医学技术的进步，医学整容开始风靡全球，越来越多的人参与其中。然而整形美容是具有风险的。不管我们有多么爱美，对待整形美容，都一定要有一个健康良好的心态，不能沉迷其中，否则很难保证不会受到伤害。
整容手术的历史
Reconstructive surgery were being carried out in India until 800 BC. Sushruta, the father of Surgery, made important contributions to the field of plastic and cataract surgery in 6th century BC. The medical works of both Sushruta and Charak originally in Sanskrit were translated into Arabic language during the Abbasid in 750 AD. The Arabic translations made their way into via intermediaries. In Italy, the Branca family of Sicily and Gaspare Tagliacozzi (Bologna ) become familiar with the techniques of Sushruta.
British physicians traveled to India to see rhinoplasties being performed by native methods. Reports on Indian rhinoplasty performed by a Kumhar vaidya were published in the Gentleman`s Magazine by 1794. Joseph Constantine Carpue spent 20 years in India studying local plastic surgery methods. Carpue was able to perform the first major surgery in the Western world by 1815. Instruments, described in the Sushruta Samhita, were further modified in the Western world.
In World War I, a New Zealand otolaryngologist working in London, Harold Gillies developed many of the techniques of modern facial surgery in caring for soldiers suffering from disfiguring facial injuries. Kazanjian and Blair, hired for plastic surgery by the United States army, learned from Gillies in England. His work was explanded upon during World War II by his cousin and former student Archibald Mclndoe, who pioneered treatments, led to the for RAF aircrew suffering from severe burns. Mclndoe`s radical, experimental treatments, led to the formation of the Guinea Pig Club. In 1946, Gillies carried out the first female-to-male sex reassignment surgery.
规范的整容术始于16世纪，最初仅仅是为保障患者获得正常生活必要条件的一种单纯的畸形矫正医学治疗技术。到了20世纪80年代，人体美不再被视为是一种天然禀赋。人们开始大规模的采用先进科技整饰和改造人体。于是，整形美容业在许多国家星期，开始步入了早期业运作阶段。
Something about p0lastic surgery 关于整容手术
Plastic surgery gained legitimacy in the early 20th century by limiting itself to reconstructive operations.
在20世纪早期，整形手术通过将其限制于再造手术而获得了合法性。
With all the gains to being good-looking, you would think that more people would get plastic surgery or makeovers to improve their looks.
为了能够变得美丽，你会想到有更多的人去做整形手术或重新大班包装，以便改善他们的长相。
Plastic surgery is becoming a billion-pound industry in the UK.
在英国，整容手术正成为财源滚滚的高利润行业。
Venezuela is one of the highest rates of cosmetic surgery in the world.
委内瑞拉是全世界整容手术率最高的国家之一。
While cosmetic surgery procedures in the US increased by 114%, between 1997 and 2007, non-surgical procedures increased by 754%.
在1997到2007年中，美国的整容外科手术增加了114%，而非外科手术增加了754%。
Reconstructive plastic surgery corrects severe functional impairments, fixes physical abnormalities, and compensates for tissue lost trauma surgery.
重建整形手术可矫正严重的功能性损伤，修正生理上的畸形，补正因外伤或手术造成的组织缺失。
Two-thirds believe cosmetic surgery will have become common place and one in six think we will look after own health using apps and gadgets than relying on the doctor.
2/3人相信整容外科手术会变成常去的地方，1/6的人认为我们会使用程序和设备照顾好我们自己的健康而不是依赖医生。
